Ukuhlaziywa Okujulile: I-Color Gamut Embonini Yezibonisi ze-LED – RTLED

1. Isingeniso

Emibukisweni yakamuva, izinkampani ezihlukene zichaza izindinganiso ze-gamut zemibala ngokuhlukile kuzibonisi zazo, njenge-NTSC, sRGB, Adobe RGB, DCI-P3, ne-BT.2020. Lokhu kuhluka kwenza kube inselele ukuqhathanisa ngokuqondile idatha ye-gamut yombala ezinkampanini ezihlukene, futhi ngezinye izikhathi iphaneli eline-gamut yombala engu-65% ibonakala inamandla kuneyodwa enombala we-gamut engu-72%, okubangela ukudideka okukhulu phakathi kwezithameli. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, ama-TV engeziwe e-quantum dot (QD) nama-OLED TV anamagamu anemibala ebanzi angena emakethe. Angabonisa imibala egqame ngendlela emangalisayo. Ngakho-ke, ngingathanda ukunikeza isifinyezo esibanzi samazinga e-gamut yombala embonini yokubonisa, ngethemba lokusiza ochwepheshe bemboni.

2. Umqondo kanye nokubalwa kombala we-Gamut

Okokuqala, ake sethule umqondo wombala we-gamut. Embonini yokubonisa, i-gamut yombala isho ububanzi bemibala idivayisi engayibonisa. Uma i-gamut yombala ibe nkulu, iba banzi ububanzi bemibala idivayisi engayibonisa, futhi ikwazi nakakhulu ukubonisa imibala egqamile (imibala emsulwa). Ngokuvamile, i-gamut yombala ye-NTSC yama-TV ajwayelekile iphakathi kwama-68% kuya ku-72%. I-TV enombala we-NTSC wegamut engaphezu kuka-92% ibhekwa njenge-TV yokugcwala kombala ophezulu/ububanzi obubanzi be-gamut (WCG) TV, ngokuvamile etholwa ngobuchwepheshe obufana nechashazi le-quantum QLED, i-OLED, noma ukukhanya okungemuva kokugcwaliswa kombala okuphezulu.

Esweni lomuntu, ukubona kombala kuncike kakhulu, futhi akunakwenzeka ukulawula ngokunembile imibala ngeso lodwa. Ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo, ekudizayineni nasekukhiqizeni, umbala kufanele ulinganiswe ukuze kuzuzwe ukunemba nokungaguquguquki ekukhiqizeni imibala. Emhlabeni wangempela, imibala ye-spectrum ebonakalayo yakha isikhala esikhulu kunazo zonke sombala we-gamut, equkethe yonke imibala ebonakala ngeso lomuntu. Ukuze umele ngokubonakalayo umqondo we-color gamut, Ikhomishana Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yokukhanyisa (CIE) isungule idayagramu ye-CIE-xy chromaticity. Izixhumanisi ze-chromaticity ziyindinganiso ye-CIE yokulinganisa umbala, okusho ukuthi noma yimuphi umbala emvelweni ungamelwa njengephoyinti (x, y) kumdwebo we-chromaticity.

Umdwebo ongezansi ubonisa umdwebo we-CIE chromaticity, lapho yonke imibala emvelweni iqukethwe endaweni emise okwesicathulo sehhashi. Indawo engunxantathu ngaphakathi komdwebo imele i-gamut yombala. Amathwithi kanxantathu anemibala eyinhloko (RGB) yedivayisi yokubonisa, futhi imibala engakhiwa ngale mibala emithathu eyinhloko iqukethwe ngaphakathi kukanxantathu. Ngokusobala, ngenxa yomehluko ezixhumanisini eziyinhloko zemibala yemishini ehlukene yokubonisa, indawo kanxantathu iyahlukahluka, okuphumela kumagamu emibala ehlukene. Unxantathu omkhulu, umbala we-gamut mkhulu. Ifomula yokubala i-gamut yombala ithi:

Gamut=ASALCD×100%

lapho i-ALCD—imele indawo kanxantathu eyakhiwe imibala eyinhloko yesibonisi se-LCD esilinganiswayo, futhi i-AS—imele indawo kanxantathu ojwayelekile wemibala eyinhloko. Ngakho, i-gamut yombala isilinganiso sephesenti lendawo ye-gamut yombala wesibonisi endaweni yonxantathu we-gamut yombala ojwayelekile, umehluko ovela kakhulu ezixhumanisini zombala oyinhloko kanye nesikhala sombala esisetshenzisiwe. Izikhala eziyinhloko zemibala ezisetshenziswayo njengamanje isikhala se-CIE 1931 xy chromaticity kanye nesikhala sombala se-CIE 1976 u'v'. I-gamut yombala ebalwa kulezi zikhala ezimbili ihluka kancane, kodwa umehluko mncane, ngakho isingeniso neziphetho ezilandelayo zisekelwe ku-CIE 1931 xy chromaticity space.

I-Pointer's Gamut imelela ububanzi bemibala yangempela yendawo ebonakalayo esweni lomuntu. Leli zinga lahlongozwa ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni luka-Michael R. Pointer (1980) futhi lihlanganisa ukuqoqwa kwemibala ebonisiwe yangempela (engakhanyisi ngokwakho) ngokwemvelo. Njengoba kuboniswe kumdwebo, yakha i-gamut engavamile. Uma i-gamut yombala yesibonisi ingahlanganisa ngokugcwele i-Pointer's Gamut, ibhekwa ikwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha ngokunembile imibala yomhlaba wemvelo.

Amazinga Ahlukahlukene Emibala Ye-Gamut

I-NTSC Standard

Izinga le-NTSC color gamut lingelinye lamazinga okuqala futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokubonisa. Uma umkhiqizo ungacacisi ukuthi iyiphi indinganiso ye-gamut yombala oyilandelayo, ngokuvamile kucatshangwa ukuthi isebenzisa izinga le-NTSC. I-NTSC imele i-National Television Standards Committee, eyasungula leli zinga le-color gamut ngo-1953. Izixhumanisi zayo zimi kanje:

I-NTSC color gamut ibanzi kakhulu kune-sRGB color gamut. Ifomula yokuguqulwa phakathi kwawo ithi “100% sRGB = 72% NTSC,” okusho ukuthi izindawo ze-100% sRGB kanye ne-72% NTSC ziyalingana, hhayi ukuthi amagamu azo ombala agqagqana ngokuphelele. Ifomula yokuguqula phakathi kwe-NTSC ne-Adobe RGB ithi “100% Adobe RGB = 95% NTSC.” Kulawa amathathu, i-NTSC color gamut ibanzi kakhulu, ilandelwa yi-Adobe RGB, bese kuba yi-sRGB.

sRGB/Rec.709 Color Gamut Standard

I-sRGB (i-Red Green Blue evamile) iphrothokholi yolimi olunemibala eyakhiwe yi-Microsoft ne-HP ngo-1996 ukuze inikeze indlela evamile yokuchaza imibala, okuvumela ukumelwa kombala okungaguquki kuzo zonke izibonisi, amaphrinta, nezikena. Amadivayisi amaningi okutholwa kwezithombe zedijithali asekela izinga le-sRGB, elifana namakhamera edijithali, amakhamera, izikena, namamonitha. Ukwengeza, cishe wonke amadivaysi okuphrinta nokuveza asekela izinga le-sRGB. Izinga le-Rec.709 color gamut liyafana ne-sRGB futhi lingabhekwa njengelilingana. Izinga elibuyekeziwe le-Rec.2020 linombala oyinhloko obanzi we-gamut, okuzoxoxwa ngawo kamuva. Izixhumanisi zombala eziyinhloko zezinga le-sRGB zimi kanje:

I-sRGB iyindinganiso ephelele yokuphathwa kombala, njengoba ingamukelwa ngokufana ekuthwebuleni nasekuskeneni ukuze iboniswe futhi iphrinte. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemikhawulo yesikhathi lapho ichazwa khona, izinga le-gamut lombala we-sRGB lincane uma kuqhathaniswa, elimboza cishe u-72% we-NTSC color gamut. Namuhla, ama-TV amaningi adlula kalula u-100% we-sRGB color gamut.

I-Adobe RGB Color Gamut Standard

I-Adobe RGB iyindinganiso ye-color gamut yobungcweti eyathuthukiswa ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokuthatha izithombe. Inesikhala sombala esibanzi kune-sRGB futhi yahlongozwa yi-Adobe ngo-1998. Ihlanganisa i-CMYK gamut yombala, engekho ku-sRGB, ehlinzeka ngezigaba ezinemibala ecebile. Kochwepheshe bokuphrinta, ukuthwebula, nokuklama abadinga ukulungiswa kwemibala okunembayo, izibonisi ezisebenzisa i-Adobe RGB color gamut zifaneleka kakhulu. I-CMYK iyindawo yombala esekelwe ekuxubeni kwe-pigment, evame ukusetshenziswa embonini yokunyathelisa futhi akuvamile embonini yokubonisa.

I-DCI-P3 Color Gamut Standard

I-DCI-P3 color gamut standard yachazwa yi-Digital Cinema Initiatives (DCI) futhi yakhululwa yi-Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) ngo-2010. Isetshenziselwa kakhulu izinhlelo zikamabonakude namasinema. Izinga le-DCI-P3 ekuqaleni laliklanyelwe ama-cinema projectors. Izixhumanisi zombala eziyinhloko zezinga le-DCI-P3 zimi kanje:

Izinga le-DCI-P3 labelana ngokufanayo ngokuyinhloko okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ne-sRGB ne-Adobe RGB. Ukudidiyela kwayo okuyinhloko okubomvu yilokho kwelaser engu-615nm monochromatic, ecace kakhulu kune-NTSC eyinhloko ebomvu. I-primary eluhlaza ye-DCI-P3 iphuzi kancane uma iqhathaniswa ne-Adobe RGB/NTSC, kodwa icace kakhulu. Indawo ye-DCI-P3 eyinhloko ye-gamut yombala icishe ibe ngu-90% wezinga le-NTSC.

Rec.2020/BT.2020 Color Gamut Standard

I-Rec.2020 iyindinganiso ye-Ultra High Definition Television (UHD-TV) ehlanganisa ukucaciswa kwe-gamut yombala. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, ukulungiswa kwethelevishini kanye ne-gamut yombala kuyaqhubeka nokuba ngcono, okwenza izinga elivamile le-Rec.709 linganele. I-Rec.2020, ehlongozwe yi-International Telecommunication Union (ITU) ngo-2012, inendawo ye-gamut enemibala cishe ephindwe kabili kune-Rec.709. Izixhumanisi zombala eziyinhloko ze-Rec.2020 zimi kanje:

Izinga le-Rec.2020 color gamut limboza wonke amazinga e-sRGB kanye ne-Adobe RGB. Cishe u-0.02% kuphela we-DCI-P3 kanye ne-NTSC 1953 yombala wegamuthi awela ngaphandle kwe-Rec.2020 color gamut, enganaki. I-Rec.2020 ihlanganisa u-99.9% we-Pointer's Gamut, okuyenza ibe izinga elikhulu kakhulu le-gamut yombala phakathi kwaleyo okuxoxwe ngayo. Ngokuqhubeka kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwamukelwa okubanzi kwama-UHD TV, izinga le-Rec.2020 kancane kancane lizovama kakhulu.

Isiphetho

Lesi sihloko siqale sethula incazelo kanye nendlela yokubala ye-gamut yombala, sase sichaza amazinga ajwayelekile e-gamut yombala embonini yokubonisa futhi yawaqhathanisa. Ngokombono wendawo, ubudlelwano bosayizi balawa mazinga we-gamut yombala bungokulandelayo: Rec.2020 > NTSC > Adobe RGB > DCI-P3 > Rec.709/sRGB. Uma uqhathanisa ama-gamu ombala wezibonisi ezihlukene, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa indinganiso kanye nesikhala sombala ukuze ugweme ukuqhathanisa izinombolo ngokungaboni. Ngethemba ukuthi lesi sihloko siwusizo kochwepheshe embonini yokubonisa. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezibonisi ze-LED ezichwepheshile, sicelaxhumana ne-RTLEDithimba lochwepheshe.