1. Intshayelelo
Kwimiboniso yakutshanje, iinkampani ezahlukeneyo zichaza imigangatho yegamut yombala ngokwahlukileyo kwimiboniso yazo, efana ne-NTSC, sRGB, Adobe RGB, DCI-P3, kunye ne-BT.2020. Oku kungafani kwenza kube nzima ukuthelekisa ngokuthe ngqo idatha ye-gamut yombala kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ipaneli ene-65% ye-gamut yombala ibonakala idlamkile kunenye ene-72% ye-gamut yombala, ebangela ukudideka okukhulu phakathi kwabaphulaphuli. Ngokuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji, iiTV ezininzi ze-quantum dot (QD) kunye neeTV ze-OLED ezinemibala ebanzi zingena emarikeni. Ziyakwazi ukubonisa imibala eqaqambileyo. Ke ngoko, ndingathanda ukubonelela ngesishwankathelo esibanzi semigangatho ye-gamut yombala kwishishini lokubonisa, ngethemba lokunceda iingcali zeshishini.
2. Ingcamango kunye nokubalwa koMbala weGamut
Okokuqala, makhe sazise ingcamango yombala we-gamut. Kushishino lokubonisa, umbala we-gamut ubhekisa kuluhlu lwemibala enokuboniswa sisixhobo. Okukhona usiba mkhulu umbala wegamut, kokukhona ubanzi uluhlu lwemibala esinokubonisa isixhobo, kwaye ngokukhona sikwazi ukubonisa imibala eqaqambileyo (imibala emsulwa). Ngokubanzi, i-NTSC yombala we-gamut yeeTV eziqhelekileyo ijikeleze i-68% ukuya kwi-72%. I-TV enombala we-NTSC wegamut enkulu kune-92% ithathwa njengokukhanya kombala ophakamileyo/umbala obanzi we-gamut (WCG) TV, edla ngokuphunyezwa ngobuchwepheshe obufana nechaphaza le-quantum QLED, i-OLED, okanye ukukhanya kwe-backlighting yombala ophezulu.
Kwiliso lomntu, ukubona umbala kuxhomekeke kakhulu, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo imibala ngeso lodwa. Kuphuhliso lwemveliso, uyilo, kunye nokuveliswa, umbala kufuneka ulinganiswe ukuze ufezekise ukuchaneka kunye nokungaguquguquki kukuveliswa kombala. Ehlabathini lokwenyani, imibala yespektrum ebonakalayo yenza owona mbala mkhulu wesithuba segamut, equlethe yonke imibala ebonakalayo kwiliso lomntu. Ukumela ngokubonakalayo ingqikelelo yombala we-gamut, iKhomishini yaMazwe ngaMazwe yokuKhanya (CIE) yaseka umzobo we-CIE-xy chromaticity. Ulungelelwaniso lwechromaticity lumgangatho weCIE wobungakanani bombala, okuthetha ukuba nawuphi na umbala kwindalo unokumelwa njengenqaku (x, y) kwidayagram yechromaticity.
Lo mzobo ungezantsi ubonisa umzobo we-CIE chromaticity, apho yonke imibala kwindalo iqulethwe kwindawo emile okwezihlangu. Ummandla we-triangular ngaphakathi komzobo ubonisa umbala we-gamut. Iinkqongo zikanxantathu ziyimibala ephambili (RGB) yesixhobo sokubonisa, kunye nemibala enokwenziwa yile mibala mithathu ephambili iqulethwe ngaphakathi kunxantathu. Ngokucacileyo, ngenxa yeyantlukwano kwimibala ephambili yolungelelwaniso lwezixhobo zokubonisa ezahlukeneyo, indawo kanxantathu iyahluka, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiigamus zemibala eyahlukileyo. Umkhulu unxantathu, mkhulu umbala we-gamut. Ifomula yokubala umbala we-gamut yile:
Gamut=ASALCD×100%
apho i-ALCD imele indawo kanxantathu owenziwe ngemibala ephambili yomboniso we-LCD olinganiswayo, kunye ne-AS—imele indawo kanxantathu osemgangathweni wemibala ephambili. Ke, umbala we-gamut yipesenteji yomlinganiselo wendawo yomboniso wombala we-gamut ukuya kwindawo yombala oqhelekileyo we-gamut unxantathu, kunye nomahluko ovela ikakhulu kuluhlu oluchaziweyo lwemibala ephambili kunye nesithuba sombala esisetyenzisiweyo. Izithuba ezingundoqo ezinemibala esetyenziswayo ngoku yi-CIE 1931 xy chromaticity space kunye ne-CIE 1976 u'v' indawo yombala. Umbala we-gamut obalwa kwezi zithuba zimbini uhluke kancinane, kodwa umehluko umncinci, ngoko ke intshayelelo elandelayo kunye nezigqibo zisekelwe kwi-CIE 1931 xy chromaticity space.
I-Pointer's Gamut imele uluhlu lwemibala yokwenyani yomphezulu ebonakalayo kwiliso lomntu. Lo mgangatho ucetywayo ngokusekelwe kuphando lukaMichael R. Pointer (1980) kwaye ubandakanya ukuqokelela kwemibala ebonakalisiweyo yokwenene (engeyiyo i-self-luminous) kwindalo. Njengoko kuboniswe kumzobo, yenza i-gamut engaqhelekanga. Ukuba umbala wesibonisi wegamut unokubandakanya ngokupheleleyo i-Pointer's Gamut, ibonwa ikwazi ukuvelisa ngokuchanekileyo imibala yendalo.
ImiGangatho eyahlukeneyo yoMbala weGamut
Umgangatho we-NTSC
Umgangatho we-NTSC wombala we-gamut yenye yezona migangatho zakuqala kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lokubonisa. Ukuba imveliso ayichazi ukuba yiyiphi i-gamut yombala esemgangathweni elandelwayo, ngokuqhelekileyo kucingelwa ukusebenzisa umgangatho we-NTSC. I-NTSC imele iNational Television Standards Committee, eyaseka lo mgangatho wombala we-gamut ngo-1953.
I-NTSC color gamut ibanzi kakhulu kune-sRGB color gamut. Ifomula yokuguqula phakathi kwabo ithi "100% sRGB = 72% NTSC," okuthetha ukuba iindawo ze-100% sRGB kunye ne-72% ye-NTSC ziyalingana, kungekhona ukuba i-gamuts yemibala yazo idibanisa ngokupheleleyo. Ifomula yokuguqula phakathi kwe-NTSC ne-Adobe RGB ithi “100% Adobe RGB = 95% NTSC.” Phakathi kwezi zintathu, i-NTSC color gamut yeyona ibanzi, ilandelwa yi-Adobe RGB, kunye ne-sRGB.
sRGB/Rec.709 Umgangatho weGamut yoMbala
I-sRGB (umgangatho oBomvu oLuhlaza oLuhlaza) ngumthetho olandelwayo wolwimi ophuhliswe nguMicrosoft kunye neHP ngo-1996 ukunika indlela esemgangathweni yokuchaza imibala, ivumela umelo lombala olungaguqukiyo kwimiboniso, abashicileli, kunye neskena. Uninzi lwezixhobo zokufunyanwa kwemifanekiso yedijithali zixhasa umgangatho we-sRGB, njengeekhamera zedijithali, iikhamera, iiskena, kunye nabahloli. Ukongeza, phantse zonke izixhobo zokuprinta kunye nentelekelelo zixhasa umgangatho we-sRGB. Umgangatho we-Rec.709 color gamut uyafana ne-sRGB kwaye unokuthathwa njengolingana. Umgangatho ohlaziyiweyo we-Rec.2020 unombala ophambili obanzi we-gamut, oya kuxoxwa ngayo kamva. Ulungelelwaniso lombala oluphambili lomgangatho we-sRGB zezi zilandelayo:
I-sRGB ngumgangatho opheleleyo wolawulo lwemibala, njengoko inokwamkelwa ngokufanayo ukusuka kwifoto kunye nokuskena ukuboniswa kunye nokushicilela. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yemida yexesha apho yayichazwa, umgangatho we-sRGB wombala we-gamut umncinci, ugubungela malunga ne-72% ye-NTSC yombala we-gamut. Kule mihla, iiTV ezininzi zidlula ngokulula i-100% ye-sRGB yombala we-gamut.
Umgangatho weGamut yoMbala we-Adobe RGB
I-Adobe RGB ngumgangatho wobuchwephesha wegamut wombala ophuhliswe ngokuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji yokufota. Inebala elibanzi kune-sRGB kwaye yacetywa ngu-Adobe ngo-1998. Iquka i-CMYK color gamut, engekho kwi-sRGB, ebonelela ngokuhlelwa kombala ocebileyo. Kwiingcali zoshicilelo, ukufota, kunye noyilo olufuna uhlengahlengiso oluchanekileyo lombala, izibonisi ezisebenzisa i-Adobe RGB color gamut zifanelekile ngakumbi. I-CMYK yindawo yombala esekelwe kumxube we-pigment, esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kushishino lokushicilela kwaye kunqabile kwimboni yokubonisa.
Umgangatho we-DCI-P3 weGamut yoMbala
Umgangatho we-DCI-P3 wombala we-gamut wachazwa yi-Digital Cinema Initiatives (DCI) kwaye wakhululwa nguMbutho we-Motion Picture kunye neeNjineli zeTelevishini (SMPTE) kwi-2010. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu kwiinkqubo zethelevishini kunye nee-cinema. Umgangatho we-DCI-P3 ekuqaleni wawuyilelwe iiprojektha ze-cinema. Ulungelelwaniso lombala oluphambili lomgangatho weDCI-P3 lulandelayo:
Umgangatho we-DCI-P3 wabelana ngolungelelwaniso lweprayimari efanayo ne-sRGB kunye ne-Adobe RGB. Ulungelelwaniso lwayo oluphambili olubomvu lolo lwe-laser ye-615nm monochromatic, ecace ngakumbi kuneprayimari ebomvu ye-NTSC. Iprayimari eluhlaza ye-DCI-P3 ibutyheli kancinane xa ithelekiswa ne-Adobe RGB/NTSC, kodwa icace ngakumbi. Indawo ye-DCI-P3 ephambili yombala we-gamut imalunga ne-90% yomgangatho we-NTSC.
Rec.2020/BT.2020 Color Gamut Standard
I-Rec.2020 ngumgangatho we-Ultra High Definition Television (UHD-TV) oquka iinkcukacha zegamut yemibala. Ngokuqhubela phambili kweteknoloji, isisombululo sikamabonwakude kunye ne-gamut yemibala iyaqhubeka nokuphucula, okwenza umgangatho we-Rec.709 wendabuko ungonelanga. I-Rec.2020, ecetywayo yi-International Telecommunication Union (ITU) kwi-2012, inommandla we-gamut umbala phantse kabini kwi-Rec.709. Ulungelelwaniso lombala oluphambili lweRec.2020 lulandelayo:
Umgangatho we-Rec.2020 color gamut ugubungela yonke imigangatho ye-sRGB kunye ne-Adobe RGB. Kuphela malunga ne-0.02% ye-DCI-P3 kunye ne-NTSC 1953 yemibala ye-gamuts ewela ngaphandle kwe-Rec.2020 umbala we-gamut, engenakulinganiswa. I-Rec.2020 igubungela i-99.9% ye-Pointer's Gamut, iyenza ibe ngowona mgangatho mkhulu wegamut wombala phakathi kwezi zixoxiwe. Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nokwamkelwa ngokubanzi kweeTV ze-UHD, umgangatho we-Rec.2020 uya kuxhaphaka ngakumbi.
Ukuqukumbela
Eli nqaku liqale lazisa inkcazo kunye nendlela yokubala ye-gamut yombala, emva koko lachaza imigangatho yegamut yombala eqhelekileyo kushishino lokubonisa kwaye uyithelekise. Ukususela kumbono wendawo, ubudlelwane bobungakanani bale migangatho ye-gamut yombala ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Rec.2020 > NTSC > Adobe RGB > DCI-P3 > Rec.709/sRGB. Xa uthelekisa iigamu zemibala yemiboniso eyahlukeneyo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umgangatho ofanayo kunye nendawo yombala ukunqanda ukuthelekisa amanani ngokumfameka. Ndiyathemba ukuba eli nqaku liluncedo kwiingcali kwimboni yokubonisa. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nemiboniso ye-LED yobuchwephesha, ncedaqhagamshelana ne-RTLEDiqela leengcaphephe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-15-2024