1. Hordhac
Bandhigyadii dhowaa, shirkado kala duwan ayaa si kala duwan u qeexaya halbeegyada gamut-gamutka midabkooda, sida NTSC, sRGB, Adobe RGB, DCI-P3, iyo BT.2020. Kala duwanaanshiyahani wuxuu ka dhigayaa mid adag in si toos ah loo barbardhigo xogta gamut midabka ee shirkadaha kala duwan, mararka qaarkoodna guddi leh 65% gamut midabkiisu wuxuu u muuqdaa mid ka firfircoon midka leh 72% midabka gamut, taasoo keenta jahawareer weyn oo ka dhex jira daawadayaasha. Horumarka tignoolajiyada, TV-yo badan oo quantum dot (QD) ah iyo TV-yada OLED oo leh gamut midab ballaadhan ayaa soo galaya suuqa. Waxay soo bandhigi karaan midabyo aan caadi ahayn. Sidaa darteed, waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan bixiyo koobab dhammaystiran oo ah halbeegyada gamut midabka ee warshadaha bandhigga, anigoo rajaynaya inaan caawiyo xirfadlayaasha warshadaha.
2. Fikradda iyo Xisaabinta Midabka Gamut
Marka hore, aan soo bandhigno fikradda gamut midabka. Warshadaha soo bandhigida, midabka gamut waxa loola jeedaa kala duwanaanta midabada uu qalabku soo bandhigi karo. Marka uu bato midabka gamut-ka, ayaa sii ballaaranaya kala duwanaanta midabada uu qalabku soo bandhigi karo, waxaana sii kordhisa awoodda uu u leeyahay inuu muujiyo midabyo gaar ah (midabo saafi ah). Guud ahaan, gamut midabka NTSC ee TV-yada caadiga ah waa ku dhawaad 68% ilaa 72%. TV-ga leh gamut midabka NTSC ee ka weyn 92% ayaa loo tixgaliyaa inuu yahay mid midabkiisu sarreeyo / midabka gamut gamut-ballaaran (WCG), inta badan lagu gaaro tignoolajiyada sida quantum dot QLED, OLED, ama iftiin midab sare leh.
Isha bini'aadamka, aragtida midabku waa mid aad u gaar ah, mana dhici karto in si sax ah loo xakameeyo midabada isha oo keliya. Horumarinta badeecada, naqshadeynta, iyo wax soo saarka, midabka waa in la qiyaasaa si loo gaaro saxnaanta iyo joogtaynta midabka midabka. Dunida dhabta ah, midabada muuqaalka muuqda ayaa ka kooban booska gamut midabka ugu weyn, oo ka kooban dhammaan midabada muuqda ee indhaha bini'aadamka. Si muuqaal ahaan loogu matalo fikradda gamut midabka, Guddiga Caalamiga ah ee Iftiinka (CIE) ayaa aasaasay jaantuska CIE-xy chromaticity. Isku-duwayaasha chromaticity waa halbeegga CIE ee cabbirka midabka, taasoo la macno ah midab kasta oo dabiicadda ah waxa lagu matali karaa dhibic ahaan (x, y) jaantuska chromaticity.
Jaantuska hoose wuxuu muujinayaa jaantuska CIE chromaticity, halkaas oo dhammaan midabada dabiiciga ah ay ka kooban yihiin aagga qaabka fardaha. Meesha saddexagalka ah ee jaantuska ku dhex jira ayaa ka dhigan midabka gamut. Cidhifyada saddexagalku waa midabada aasaasiga ah (RGB) ee aaladda soo bandhigta, midabada ay samayn karaan saddexdan midab ee aasaasiga ah waxay ku dhex jiraan saddexagalka. Sida cad, kala duwanaanshaha isku-duwayaasha midabka aasaasiga ah ee aaladaha bandhig ee kala duwan awgeed, booska saddex-xagalka waa kala duwan yahay, taasoo keentay gamut midabyo kala duwan. Seddex-xagalku wuu weynaadaa, midabka gamutku wuu weynaadaa. Habka xisaabinta gamut midabka waa:
Gamut=ASALCD×100%
Halka ALCD ay ka dhigan tahay bedka saddexagalka ee ay sameeyeen midabada aasaasiga ah ee bandhigga LCD ee la cabbirayo, iyo AS waxay ka dhigan tahay bedka saddexagalka caadiga ah ee midabada aasaasiga ah. Haddaba, midabka gamutku waa saamiga boqolleyda ee aagga gamut midabka bandhigga iyo aagga saddexagalka gamut midabka caadiga ah, oo leh kala duwanaansho inta badan ka imanaysa isku-duwayaasha midabka aasaasiga ah ee la qeexay iyo booska midabka la isticmaalay. Meelaha midabka aasaasiga ah ee hadda la isticmaalo waa CIE 1931 xy chromaticity space iyo CIE 1976 u'v' booska midabka. Midabka gamut ee lagu xisaabiyo labadan boos wax yar ayaa kala duwan, laakiin faraqa waa yar yahay, markaa hordhaca iyo gunaanadka soo socdaa waxay ku saleysan yihiin booska CIE 1931 xy chromaticity space.
Tilmaamaha Gamut wuxuu u taagan yahay kala duwanaanshaha midabada dhabta ah ee dusha sare ee muuqda ee isha bini'aadamka. Heerarkan waxaa la soo jeediyay iyadoo lagu salaynayo cilmi-baaris uu sameeyay Michael R. Pointer (1980) wuxuuna koobayaa ururinta midabada dhabta ah ee muuqda (aan is-iftiin lahayn) dabeecadda. Sida ku cad jaantuska, waxay samaysaa gamut aan joogto ahayn. Haddii gamut midabka bandhiggu uu si buuxda u koobi karo Pointer's Gamut, waxaa loo arkaa inuu awood u leeyahay inuu si sax ah u soo saaro midabada adduunka dabiiciga ah.
Heerarka Gamut Midabka Kala duwan
Heerka NTSC
Halbeegga gamut midabka NTSC waa mid ka mid ah heerarka ugu horreeya uguna badan ee la isticmaalo ee warshadaha bandhigga. Haddii alaabtu aysan cayimin heerka gamut midabka midabka ee ay raacayso, guud ahaan waxaa loo maleynayaa inay isticmaasho heerka NTSC. NTSC waxa ay u taagan tahay Guddiga Heerarka Telefishanka Qaranka, kaas oo aasaasay halbeegga gamut-gaaban sannadkii 1953. Isku-dubaridkeedu waa sida soo socota:
Midabka midabka NTSC aad ayuu uga ballaadhan yahay gamut midabka sRGB. Qaabka beddelka ee u dhexeeya waa "100% sRGB = 72% NTSC," taas oo macnaheedu yahay in aagagga 100% sRGB iyo 72% NTSC ay u dhigmaan, ma aha in midabkoodu gebi ahaanba is dul saaran yahay. Qaabka beddelka u dhexeeya NTSC iyo Adobe RGB waa "100% Adobe RGB = 95% NTSC." Saddexda ka mid ah, gamut-ka midabka NTSC ayaa ah kan ugu ballaaran, waxaana ku xiga Adobe RGB, ka dibna sRGB.
sRGB/Rec.709 Midabka Gamut Standard
sRGB (standard Red Green Blue) waa hab-maamuus luqadeed midabo ay sameeyeen Microsoft iyo HP 1996 si ay u bixiyaan hab caadi ah oo lagu qeexo midabada, taas oo u oggolaanaysa in midabyo joogto ah laga helo bandhigyada, daabacayaasha, iyo iskaannada. Inta badan aaladaha soo iibsiga sawirka dhijitaalka ah waxay taageeraan heerka sRGB, sida kamaradaha dhijitaalka ah, kamaradaha, sawir-qaadayaasha, iyo kormeerayaasha. Intaa waxaa dheer, ku dhawaad dhammaan aaladaha daabacaadda iyo saadaalinta waxay taageeraan heerka sRGB. Heerka gamut midabka Rec.709 wuxuu la mid yahay sRGB waxaana loo qaadan karaa mid u dhigma. Heerka Rec.2020 ee la cusboonaysiiyay waxa uu leeyahay gamut midab asaasi ah oo ballaadhan, kaas oo hadhow laga hadli doono. Isku duwayaasha midabka aasaasiga ah ee heerka sRGB waa sida soo socota:
sRGB waa heerka saxda ah ee maaraynta midabka, maadaama si isku mid ah looga qaadan karo sawir qaadista iyo sawirida si loo muujiyo loona daabaco. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaddidnaanta wakhtiga markii la qeexay awgeed, heerka gamut midabka sRGB waa mid yar, oo daboolaya ku dhawaad 72% gamut midabka NTSC. Maalmahan, TV-yo badan ayaa si fudud uga sarreeya 100% sRGB gamut midabka.
Adobe RGB Color Gamut Standard
Adobe RGB waa halbeeg gamut midab xirfadeed leh oo la sameeyay iyadoo la horumarinayo tignoolajiyada sawir qaadista. Waxay leedahay meel ka midab ka ballaaran sRGB waxaana soo jeediyay Adobe 1998. Waxaa ku jira gamut midabka CMYK, kaas oo aan ku jirin sRGB, taasoo bixisa midabyo qani ah. Xirfadlayaasha daabacaadda, sawir-qaadista, iyo naqshadeynta ee u baahan hagaajinta midabka saxda ah, bandhigyada adeegsada gamut midabka Adobe RGB ayaa aad ugu habboon. CMYK waa meel midab ah oo ku salaysan isku dhafka midabaynta, oo inta badan lagu isticmaalo warshadaha daabacaadda oo dhif ah warshadaha bandhigga.
DCI-P3 Midabka Gamut Standard
Heerka gamut midabka DCI-P3 waxaa lagu qeexay Hindisaha Shineemo Dijital ah (DCI) waxaana sii daayay Bulshada Sawirka Sawirka iyo Injineerada Talefishinada (SMPTE) ee 2010. Inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa nidaamyada telefishanka iyo shineemooyinka. Heerka DCI-P3 waxaa markii hore loogu talagalay mashruucyada shineemada. Isku duwayaasha midabka aasaasiga ah ee heerka DCI-P3 waa sida soo socota:
Halbeegga DCI-P3 waxa uu la wadaagaa isku-xidhka aasaasiga ah ee buluugga ah ee sRGB iyo Adobe RGB. Isku-dubariddeeda aasaasiga ah ee cas waa kan 615nm monochromatic laser, kaas oo aad uga cad cad NTSC aasaasiga ah ee cas. Aasaaska cagaarka ah ee DCI-P3 waxoogaa huruud ah marka loo eego Adobe RGB/NTSC, laakiin aad u cad. Aagga gamut midabka aasaasiga ah ee DCI-P3 waa qiyaastii 90% heerka NTSC.
Rec.2020/BT.2020 Midabka Gamut Standard
Rec.2020 waa Heerarka Talefishanka Qeexida Sare ee Ultra (UHD-TV) kaas oo ay ku jiraan qeexitaannada gamut midabka. Horumarka tignoolajiyada, xallinta telefishanka iyo gamut midabku waxay sii wadaan inay horumariyaan, taasoo ka dhigaysa heerka caadiga ah ee Rec.709 mid aan ku filnayn. Rec.2020, oo ay soo jeedisay Ururka Isgaarsiinta Caalamiga ah (ITU) sanadka 2012, waxa uu leeyahay aag gamut midab ku dhow laba jeer ka Rec.709. Isku duwayaasha midabka aasaasiga ah ee Rec.2020 waa sida soo socota:
Halbeegga gamut midabka Rec.2020 wuxuu daboolayaa dhammaan heerarka sRGB iyo Adobe RGB. Kaliya 0.02% ee DCI-P3 iyo NTSC 1953 gamut midabka ayaa ku dhacaya meel ka baxsan gamut midabka Rec.2020, taas oo ah mid dayacan. Rec.2020 waxa ay dabooshaa 99.9% of Pointer's Gamut, taasoo ka dhigaysa heerka gamut midabka ugu weyn ee ka mid ah kuwa laga hadlay. Horumarka tignoolajiyada iyo qaadashada baahsan ee TV-yada UHD, heerka Rec.2020 wuxuu si tartiib tartiib ah u noqon doonaa mid sii faafaya.
Gabagabo
Maqaalkani waxa uu marka hore soo bandhigay habka qeexida iyo xisaabinta ee gamut midabka, ka dibna faahfaahin ka bixiyay heerarka gamut midabka caadiga ah ee warshadaha bandhiga oo la barbardhigo iyaga. Marka loo eego aagga, xidhiidhka cabbirka ee halbeegyada gamut midabada waa sida soo socota: Rec.2020> NTSC> Adobe RGB> DCI-P3> Rec.709/sRGB. Marka la is barbar dhigo gamut-ka midabka ee bandhigyada kala duwan, waxaa muhiim ah in la isticmaalo halbeeg iyo meel midab leh si looga fogaado in si indho la'aan ah loo barbar dhigo tirooyinka. Waxaan rajeynayaa in maqaalkani uu waxtar u leeyahay xirfadlayaasha warshadaha bandhigga. Wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan bandhigyada LED ee xirfadlayaasha ah, fadlanla xidhiidh RTLEDkooxda khubarada.
Waqtiga boostada: Jul-15-2024