1. Nhanganyaya
Pazviratidzwa zvichangoburwa, makambani akasiyana anotsanangura mavara egamut zvakasiyana kune avo anoratidza, seNTSC, sRGB, Adobe RGB, DCI-P3, uye BT.2020. Kusiyana uku kunoita kuti zviome kuenzanisa zvakananga ruvara rwegamut data kumakambani akasiyana, uye dzimwe nguva pani ine 65% yemavara gamut inotaridzika zvakanyanya kupfuura ine 72% yemavara gamut, zvichikonzera kuvhiringidzika kukuru pakati pevateereri. Nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, mamwe quantum dot (QD) maTV uye OLED TV ane yakakura mavara gamuts ari kupinda mumusika. Vanogona kuratidza mavara akajeka. Nekudaro, ini ndoda kupa pfupiso yakazara yemavara gamut zviyero muindasitiri yekuratidzira, ndichitarisira kubatsira nyanzvi dzeindasitiri.
2. Pfungwa uye Kuverenga kweMuvara Gamut
Kutanga, ngatitangei pfungwa yemavara gamut. Muindasitiri yekuratidzira, color gamut inoreva huwandu hwemavara anogona kuratidzwa nemudziyo. Iyo yakakura iyo gamut yeruvara, yakakura kuwanda kwemavara emhando iyo mudziyo unogona kuratidza, uye nekunyanya kugona kwayo kuratidza yakanyatsojeka mavara (akachena mavara). Kazhinji, iyo NTSC color gamut yemaTV akajairwa akatenderedza 68% kusvika 72%. TV ine NTSC color gamut yakakura kupfuura 92% inoonekwa seyakakwira color saturation/wide color gamut (WCG) TV, inowanzo wanikwa kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwakaita se quantum dot QLED, OLED, kana yakakwira color saturation backlighting.
Kune ziso remunhu, kuona kwemavara kunonyanya kuzviisa pasi, uye hazvigoneke kunyatso kudzora mavara neziso chete. Mukugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa, dhizaini, uye kugadzira, ruvara runofanirwa kuverengerwa kuti uwane huchokwadi uye hunoenderana mukuberekana kwemavara. Munyika chaiyo, mavara echiratidziro chinooneka anoumba nzvimbo huru yeruvara rwegamut, ine mavara ese anoonekwa neziso remunhu. Kumiririra zvinooneka pfungwa yemavara gamut, International Commission on Illumination (CIE) yakagadzira iyo CIE-xy chromaticity diagram. Iwo chromaticity coordinates ndiwo muyero weCIE wehuwandu hwemavara, zvichireva kuti chero ruvara mune zvakasikwa runogona kumiririrwa sepoindi (x, y) pane chromaticity diagram.
Dhiagiramu iri pazasi inoratidza iyo CIE chromaticity dhayagiramu, apo ese mavara mune zvakasikwa ari mukati meiyo nzvimbo yakaita bhiza. Nzvimbo yetriangular mukati memufananidzo inomiririra ruvara rwe gamut. Mavertices egonyo ndiyo mavara ekutanga (RGB) echishandiso chekuratidzira, uye mavara anogona kuumbwa neaya matatu ekutanga mavara ari mukati megonyo. Sezviri pachena, nekuda kwekusiyana kwemavara ekutanga ekurongedzerwa kweakasiyana ezvishandiso zvekuratidza, chinzvimbo chetatu chinosiyana, zvichikonzera akasiyana mavara gamuts. Iyo yakakura katatu, iyo yakakura iyo color gamut. Iyo formula yekuverenga iyo color gamut ndeye:
Gamut = AS ALCD × 100%
apo ALCD inomiririra nzvimbo yegonyonhatu yakaumbwa nemavara ekutanga eLCD kuratidza kuri kuyerwa, uye AS inomiririra nzvimbo yegonyo nhanho yemavara ekutanga. Nekudaro, iyo color gamut ndiyo chiyero chechikamu chenzvimbo yeruvara rwechiratidziro kunzvimbo yeyakajairwa color gamut triangle, nemisiyano inonyanya kumuka kubva kune yakatsanangurwa yekutanga ruvara coordinates uye nzvimbo yemavara inoshandiswa. Nzvimbo dzekutanga dzemavara dziri kushandiswa parizvino iCIE 1931 xy chromaticity nzvimbo uye CIE 1976 u'v' nzvimbo yeruvara. Iyo color gamut yakaverengerwa munzvimbo mbiri idzi inosiyana zvishoma, asi mutsauko idiki, saka inotevera sumo nemhedziso zvinobva paCIE 1931 xy chromaticity space.
Pointer's Gamut inomiririra huwandu hwemavara chaiwo epamusoro anoonekwa neziso remunhu. Iyi chiyero yakatsanangurwa zvichibva mukutsvagisa naMichael R. Pointer (1980) uye inosanganisa kuunganidzwa kwemavara chaiwo anoratidzwa (asiri-anozvivhenekera) muzvisikwa. Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo, inoumba gamut isina kukwana. Kana chiratidziro cheruvara rwegamut chichikwanisa kutenderedza Pointer's Gamut, inoonekwa seyakakwanisa kuburitsa nemazvo mavara epasirese.
Various Color Gamut Standards
NTSC Standard
Iyo NTSC color gamut standard ndeimwe yekutanga uye inonyanya kushandiswa zviyero muindasitiri yekuratidzira. Kana chigadzirwa chikasataura kuti ndeupi ruvara gamut chiyero chainotevera, inowanzo fungirwa kushandisa iyo NTSC standard. NTSC inomirira National Television Standards Committee, iyo yakatanga iyi color gamut standard muna 1953.
Iyo NTSC color gamut yakafara zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo sRGB color gamut. Formula yekushandura pakati pavo ndeye "100% sRGB = 72% NTSC," zvinoreva kuti nzvimbo dze100% sRGB uye 72% NTSC dzakaenzana, kwete kuti mavara avo emavara anopindirana zvachose. Iyo yekushandura formula pakati peNTSC neAdobe RGB ndeye "100% Adobe RGB = 95% NTSC." Pakati pevatatu, iyo NTSC color gamut ndiyo yakakura, inoteverwa neAdobe RGB, uyezve sRGB.
sRGB/Rec.709 Ruvara Gamut Standard
sRGB (yakajairwa Red Green Blue) iprotocol yemutauro weruvara yakagadziridzwa neMicrosoft neHP muna 1996 kuti ipe nzira yakajairwa yekutsanangura mavara, ichibvumira kuenderana kwemavara kumiririrwa pazviratidziro, maprinta, uye scanner. Mazhinji madhijitari ekutora mifananidzo anotsigira sRGB chiyero, senge makamera edhijitari, camcorder, scanner, uye monitors. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinenge zvese zvekudhindisa uye zvekufungidzira zvishandiso zvinotsigira sRGB standard. Rec.709 color gamut standard yakafanana nesRGB uye inogona kunzi yakaenzana. Iyo yakagadziridzwa Rec.2020 yakajairwa ine yakafara yekutanga color gamut, iyo ichakurukurwa gare gare. Iwo ekutanga mavara anoronga yeiyo sRGB chiyero ndeaya anotevera:
sRGB ndiyo yakajairwa chiyero chekutonga kwemavara, sezvo ichigona kutorwa zvakafanana kubva mukutora mifananidzo uye scanning kuratidza uye kudhinda. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekuganhurirwa kweiyo nguva payakatsanangurwa, iyo sRGB color gamut standard idiki, inovhara ingangoita 72% yeNTSC color gamut. Mazuvano, maTV mazhinji anodarika zviri nyore 100% sRGB color gamut.
Adobe RGB Muvara Gamut Standard
Adobe RGB inyanzvi yemavara gamut chiyero chakagadziridzwa nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwekutora mifananidzo. Iine nzvimbo yakafara yeruvara kupfuura sRGB uye yakakurudzirwa neAdobe muna 1998. Inosanganisira CMYK color gamut, iyo isipo musRGB, ichipa akapfuma mavara gradations. Kune nyanzvi mukudhinda, kutora mafoto, uye dhizaini vanoda kunyatso gadziridzwa mavara, madhizaini anoshandisa Adobe RGB color gamut akakodzera zvakanyanya. CMYK inzvimbo yemavara yakavakirwa pakusanganisa pigment, inowanzoshandiswa muindasitiri yekudhinda uye kashoma muindasitiri yekuratidzira.
DCI-P3 Ruvara Gamut Standard
Iyo DCI-P3 color gamut standard yakatsanangurwa neDigital Cinema Initiatives (DCI) uye yakabudiswa neSosaiti yeMotion Picture uye Terevhizheni Engineers (SMPTE) muna 2010. Inonyanya kushandiswa kumitambo yeterevhizheni nemabhaisikopo. Iyo DCI-P3 yakajairwa yakatanga kugadzirirwa cinema projekita. Iwo ekutanga mavara anoronga yeDCI-P3 chiyero ndeaya anotevera:
Iyo DCI-P3 chiyero inogovera imwechete yebhuruu yepuraimari kurongeka ne sRGB uye Adobe RGB. Yayo tsvuku yekutanga kurongeka ndeye 615nm monochromatic laser, iyo yakajeka kupfuura iyo NTSC tsvuku yepuraimari. Iyo yakasvibira yepuraimari yeDCI-P3 ine yero zvishoma kana ichienzaniswa neAdobe RGB/NTSC, asi yakanyanya kujeka. Iyo DCI-P3 yekutanga color gamut nharaunda inenge makumi mapfumbamwe muzana yeNTSC standard.
Rec.2020/BT.2020 Ruvara Gamut Standard
Rec.2020 ndeye Ultra High Definition Terevhizheni (UHD-TV) chiyero chinosanganisira mavara egamut. Nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi, terevhizheni sarudzo uye gamut yemuvara zvinoramba zvichivandudza, zvichiita kuti chiyero cheRec.709 chisakwane. Rec.2020, yakakurudzirwa neInternational Telecommunication Union (ITU) muna 2012, ine color gamut nzvimbo inodokupeta kaviri iyo yeRec.709. Iwo ekutanga mavara coordinates eRec.2020 ndeaya anotevera:
Iyo Rec.2020 color gamut standard inovhara yese sRGB neAdobe RGB zviyero. Chete ingangoita 0.02% yeDCI-P3 neNTSC 1953 color gamuts inowira kunze kweRec.2020 color gamut, iyo isingakodzeri. Rec.2020 inovhara 99.9% yePointer's Gamut, zvichiita kuti ive yakakura kwazvo mavara gamut mwero pakati peakakurukurwa. Nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi uye kutorwa kwakapararira kweUHD TVs, chiyero cheRec.2020 chinozowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.
Mhedziso
Ichi chinyorwa chakatanga kuunza tsananguro uye yekuverenga nzira yeruvara gamut, ndokutsanangura iyo yakajairwa color gamut zviyero muindasitiri yekuratidzira uye nekuzvienzanisa. Kubva pamaonero enzvimbo, hukama hwehukuru hweiyi mavara gamut zviyero ndezvinotevera: Rec.2020 > NTSC > Adobe RGB > DCI-P3 > Rec.709/sRGB. Kana uchienzanisa iyo gamuts yemavara ezviratidziro zvakasiyana, zvakakosha kuti ushandise chiyero chakafanana uye nzvimbo yeruvara kuti udzivise kuenzanisa nhamba. Ndinovimba chinyorwa ichi chinobatsira kune nyanzvi muindasitiri yekuratidzira. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve inyanzvi LED kuratidza, ndapotataura neRTLEDnyanzvi chikwata.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-15-2024