1. Taw qhia
Ntawm kev nthuav qhia tsis ntev los no, cov tuam txhab sib txawv txhais cov qauv xim gamut txawv rau lawv cov lus qhia, xws li NTSC, sRGB, Adobe RGB, DCI-P3, thiab BT.2020. Qhov tsis sib xws no ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev sib piv cov ntaub ntawv xim gamut thoob plaws cov tuam txhab sib txawv, thiab qee zaum lub vaj huam sib luag nrog 65% xim gamut zoo li vibrant dua li ib qho nrog 72% xim gamut, ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis, ntau quantum dot (QD) TVs thiab OLED TVs nrog cov xim dav dav tau nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam. Lawv tuaj yeem tso cov xim tshwj xeeb tiag tiag. Li no, kuv xav muab cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav ntawm cov qauv xim gamut hauv kev lag luam zaub, vam tias yuav pab cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam.
2. Lub tswv yim thiab xam cov xim Gamut
Ua ntej, cia peb qhia lub tswv yim ntawm xim gamut. Hauv kev lag luam zaub, xim gamut hais txog ntau yam xim uas lub cuab yeej tuaj yeem tso tawm. Qhov loj ntawm cov xim gamut, qhov dav ntawm cov xim ntawm cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem tso tawm, thiab qhov muaj peev xwm ntau dua yog qhov nthuav tawm cov xim tshwj xeeb (xim ntshiab). Feem ntau, NTSC xim gamut rau ib txwm TVs yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 68% mus rau 72%. Lub TV nrog NTSC xim gamut ntau dua 92% yog suav tias yog xim xim saturation / dav xim gamut (WCG) TV, feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis xws li quantum dot QLED, OLED, lossis siab xim saturation backlighting.
Rau tib neeg lub qhov muag, xim kev nkag siab yog cov ntsiab lus siab, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem tswj cov xim los ntawm qhov muag ib leeg. Hauv kev tsim khoom, tsim, thiab kev tsim khoom, xim yuav tsum raug ntsuas kom ua tiav qhov tseeb thiab sib xws hauv cov xim luam tawm. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb tiag tiag, cov xim ntawm cov spectrum pom yog qhov loj tshaj plaws xim gamut chaw, muaj tag nrho cov xim pom rau tib neeg lub qhov muag. Txhawm rau pom lub tswv yim ntawm cov xim gamut, International Commission on Illumination (CIE) tau tsim CIE-xy chromaticity daim duab. Lub chromaticity coordinates yog CIE tus qauv rau xim kom muaj nuj nqis, lub ntsiab lus ntawm txhua yam xim tuaj yeem sawv cev ua tus taw tes (x, y) ntawm daim duab chromaticity.
Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog CIE chromaticity daim duab, qhov twg tag nrho cov xim nyob rau hauv cov xwm muaj nyob rau hauv lub horseshoe-zoo li tus cheeb tsam. Daim duab peb sab hauv daim duab qhia txog xim gamut. Lub vertices ntawm daim duab peb sab yog cov xim thawj (RGB) ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab cov xim uas tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm peb cov xim thawj yog muaj nyob rau hauv daim duab peb sab. Pom tau tias, vim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim xim xim ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv, daim duab peb sab txoj hauj lwm sib txawv, ua rau cov xim sib txawv. Qhov loj ntawm daim duab peb sab, qhov loj dua qhov xim gamut. Cov mis rau xam cov xim gamut yog:
Gamut = ASALCD × 100%
qhov twg ALCD sawv cev rau thaj tsam ntawm daim duab peb sab tsim los ntawm thawj xim ntawm LCD zaub tau ntsuas, thiab AS sawv cev rau thaj tsam ntawm tus qauv duab peb sab ntawm cov xim thawj. Yog li, cov xim gamut yog qhov feem pua ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntawm cov zaub cov xim gamut rau thaj tsam ntawm tus qauv xim gamut daim duab peb sab, nrog qhov sib txawv feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem xim xim thiab qhov chaw siv xim. Thawj qhov chaw xim tam sim no siv yog CIE 1931 xy chromaticity qhov chaw thiab CIE 1976 u'v' xim chaw. Cov xim gamut xam nyob rau hauv ob qhov chaw sib txawv me ntsis, tab sis qhov sib txawv me me, yog li cov lus qhia hauv qab no thiab cov lus xaus yog nyob ntawm CIE 1931 xy chromaticity space.
Pointer's Gamut sawv cev rau thaj tsam ntawm cov xim tiag tiag pom rau tib neeg lub qhov muag. Cov qauv no tau npaj los ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Michael R. Pointer (1980) thiab suav nrog kev sau cov xim tiag tiag (tsis yog tus kheej-luminous) hauv qhov xwm txheej. Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab, nws tsim ib tug irregular gamut. Yog hais tias cov zaub cov xim gamut tuaj yeem suav nrog Pointer's Gamut, nws suav hais tias muaj peev xwm tsim tau cov xim ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntuj tsim.
Ntau yam xim Gamut Standards
NTSC Standard
NTSC xim gamut tus qauv yog ib qho ntawm thawj thiab feem ntau siv cov qauv hauv kev lag luam zaub. Yog hais tias ib yam khoom tsis qhia qhov xim gamut tus qauv nws ua raws, nws feem ntau xav tias yuav siv NTSC tus qauv. NTSC stands rau National TV Standards Committee, uas tsim no xim gamut standard nyob rau hauv 1953. Nws coordinates yog raws li nram no:
NTSC xim gamut yog dav dua li sRGB xim gamut. Cov mis hloov pauv ntawm lawv yog "100% sRGB = 72% NTSC," uas txhais tau hais tias cov cheeb tsam ntawm 100% sRGB thiab 72% NTSC yog sib npaug, tsis yog tias lawv cov xim gamuts tag nrho sib tshooj. Cov mis hloov pauv ntawm NTSC thiab Adobe RGB yog "100% Adobe RGB = 95% NTSC." Ntawm peb, NTSC xim gamut yog qhov dav tshaj plaws, ua raws Adobe RGB, thiab tom qab ntawd sRGB.
sRGB/Rec.709 Xim Gamut Standard
sRGB (tus qauv Liab Ntsuab Xiav) yog xim lus raws tu qauv tsim los ntawm Microsoft thiab HP hauv xyoo 1996 los muab cov qauv txheej txheem rau kev txhais cov xim, tso cai rau cov xim sib xws thoob plaws cov duab, tshuab luam ntawv, thiab cov tshuab luam ntawv. Feem ntau cov duab tau txais cov cuab yeej txhawb nqa tus qauv sRGB, xws li cov koob yees duab digital, camcorders, scanners, thiab saib. Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav luag tag nrho cov tshuab luam ntawv thiab cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm txhawb nqa tus qauv sRGB. Tus qauv Rec.709 xim gamut zoo ib yam rau sRGB thiab tuaj yeem suav hais tias sib npaug. Tus qauv tshiab Rec.2020 muaj qhov dav dua thawj xim gamut, uas yuav tau tham tom qab. Cov xim xim tseem ceeb rau tus qauv sRGB yog raws li hauv qab no:
sRGB yog tus qauv tsim nyog rau kev tswj xim, vim nws tuaj yeem ua tau zoo sib xws los ntawm kev yees duab thiab luam theej duab los tso saib thiab luam ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev txwv ntawm lub sijhawm thaum nws tau hais tseg, sRGB xim gamut tus qauv kuj me me, suav txog kwv yees li 72% ntawm NTSC xim gamut. Niaj hnub no, ntau lub TV tau yooj yim tshaj 100% sRGB xim gamut.
Adobe RGB Xim Gamut Standard
Adobe RGB yog tus qauv xim gamut tus qauv tsim nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev yees duab thev naus laus zis. Nws muaj qhov chaw xim dav dua sRGB thiab tau thov los ntawm Adobe hauv 1998. Nws suav nrog CMYK xim gamut, uas tsis muaj nyob hauv sRGB, muab cov xim zoo dua. Rau cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev luam ntawv, kev yees duab, thiab tsim qauv uas xav tau kev hloov xim xim, cov lus qhia uas siv Adobe RGB xim gamut yog qhov tsim nyog dua. CMYK yog qhov chaw xim raws li cov xim sib xyaw, feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam luam ntawv thiab tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv kev lag luam zaub.
DCI-P3 Xim Gamut Standard
Tus qauv DCI-P3 xim gamut tau txhais los ntawm Digital Cinema Initiatives (DCI) thiab tso tawm los ntawm Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) hauv 2010. Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau TV systems thiab xinesmas. Tus qauv DCI-P3 yog thawj zaug tsim rau xinesmas projectors. Cov xim xim tseem ceeb rau DCI-P3 tus qauv yog raws li hauv qab no:
Tus qauv DCI-P3 qhia tib lub xiav thawj koom tes nrog sRGB thiab Adobe RGB. Nws cov thawj tswj hwm liab yog qhov ntawm 615nm monochromatic laser, uas yog qhov tseeb dua li NTSC liab thawj. Lub hauv paus ntsuab ntawm DCI-P3 yog daj me ntsis piv rau Adobe RGB / NTSC, tab sis ntau dua. DCI-P3 thawj xim gamut cheeb tsam yog li 90% ntawm NTSC tus qauv.
Rec.2020/BT.2020 Xim Gamut Standard
Rec.2020 yog Ultra High Definition TV (UHD-TV) tus qauv uas suav nrog cov xim gamut specifications. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis, kev daws teeb meem hauv TV thiab xim gamut txuas ntxiv txhim kho, ua rau cov qauv Rec.709 ib txwm ua tsis tiav. Rec.2020, npaj los ntawm International Telecommunication Union (ITU) hauv 2012, muaj xim gamut thaj tsam ze li ob npaug ntawm Rec.709. Thawj xim ua haujlwm rau Rec.2020 yog raws li hauv qab no:
Tus qauv Rec.2020 xim gamut npog tag nrho cov qauv sRGB thiab Adobe RGB. Tsuas yog li 0.02% ntawm DCI-P3 thiab NTSC 1953 xim gamuts poob sab nraum Rec.2020 xim gamut, uas yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Rec.2020 npog 99.9% ntawm Pointer's Gamut, ua nws tus qauv xim loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov uas tau tham. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis thiab kev siv dav dav ntawm UHD TVs, tus qauv Rec.2020 yuav maj mam dhau los ua ntau dua.
Xaus
Kab lus no ua ntej tshaj tawm cov ntsiab lus thiab kev suav cov qauv ntawm cov xim gamut, tom qab ntawd piav qhia txog cov qauv xim gamut hauv kev lag luam zaub thiab muab piv rau lawv. Los ntawm cheeb tsam kev pom, qhov loj me ntawm cov qauv xim gamut yog raws li hauv qab no: Rec.2020 > NTSC > Adobe RGB > DCI-P3 > Rec.709/sRGB. Thaum muab piv cov xim gamuts ntawm cov lus sib txawv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum siv tib tus qauv thiab xim qhov chaw kom tsis txhob pom qhov muag tsis pom kev sib piv cov lej. Kuv vam tias tsab xov xwm no yuav pab tau rau cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev lag luam zaub. Yog xav paub ntxiv txog kev tshaj lij LED zaub, thovhu rau RTLEDpab neeg txawj ntse.
Post lub sij hawm: Lub Xya hli ntuj-15-2024