ʻIke hohonu: Color Gamut i ka ʻOihana Hōʻike LED - RTLED

1. Hoʻolauna

Ma nā hōʻikeʻike i hala iho nei, wehewehe ʻokoʻa nā hui like ʻole i nā kūlana gamut kala no kā lākou hōʻike, e like me NTSC, sRGB, Adobe RGB, DCI-P3, a me BT.2020. He mea paʻakikī kēia ʻokoʻa i ka hoʻohālikelike pololei ʻana i ka ʻikepili gamut kala ma waena o nā ʻoihana like ʻole, a i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kahi panel me ka 65% color gamut ma mua o ka mea me kahi gamut kala 72%, e hoʻohilahila nui ai i waena o ka lehulehu. Me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā TV quantum dot (QD) a me nā TV OLED me nā gamut kala ākea e komo i ka mākeke. Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻike i nā kala ʻoi loa. No laila, makemake wau e hāʻawi i kahi hōʻuluʻulu piha o nā maʻamau gamut kala i ka ʻoihana hōʻike, me ka manaʻo e kōkua i nā ʻoihana ʻoihana.

2. Manaʻo a me ka helu ʻana o ka Gamut kala

ʻO ka mua, e hoʻolauna kākou i ka manaʻo o ka gamut kala. Ma ka ʻoihana hōʻikeʻike, ʻo ka gamut kala e pili ana i ka laulā o nā kala i hiki i kahi hāmeʻa ke hōʻike. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka gamut kala, ʻoi aku ka laulā o nā kala e hiki ke hōʻike ʻia, a ʻoi aku ka hiki ke hōʻike i nā waihoʻoluʻu ʻoniʻoni (nā kala maʻemaʻe). ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka gamut kala NTSC no nā TV maʻamau ma kahi o 68% a 72%. ʻO kahi TV me kahi gamut kala NTSC ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 92%, manaʻo ʻia he TV saturation kala kiʻekiʻe / wide color gamut (WCG), maʻamau i loaʻa ma o nā ʻenehana e like me quantum dot QLED, OLED, a i ʻole ke kukui saturation kiʻekiʻe.

No ka maka o ke kanaka, he mea ko'iko'i ka 'ike kala, a 'a'ole hiki ke ho'omalu pono i nā kala ma ka maka wale nō. I ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka huahana, ka hoʻolālā ʻana, a me ka hana ʻana, pono e helu ʻia ke kala e loaʻa ai ka pololei a me ka paʻa ʻana i ka hana hou kala. Ma ke ao maoli, ʻo nā kala o ka spectrum i ʻike ʻia ke ʻano nui loa o ka gamut kala, aia nā kala āpau i ʻike ʻia e ka maka kanaka. No ka ʻike maka i ka manaʻo o ka gamut kala, ua hoʻokumu ka International Commission on Illumination (CIE) i ke kiʻi chromaticity CIE-xy. ʻO nā koina chromaticity ka maʻamau o CIE no ka helu kala, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia kēlā me kēia kala ma ke ʻano he kiko (x, y) ma ke kiʻi chromaticity.

Hōʻike ke kiʻikuhi ma lalo nei i ke kiʻikuhi chromaticity CIE, kahi i loaʻa ai nā kala āpau o ke ʻano i loko o ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka kāmaʻa lio. Hōʻike ka ʻāpana triangular i loko o ke kiʻi i ka gamut kala. ʻO nā piko o ka huinakolu nā waihoʻoluʻu mua (RGB) o ka mea hōʻike, a ʻo nā kala i hiki ke hana ʻia e kēia mau kala kumu ʻekolu aia i loko o ka triangle. ʻIke ʻia, ma muli o nā ʻokoʻa o nā ʻāpana kala mua o nā mea hōʻike like ʻole, ʻokoʻa ke kūlana o ka triangle, e hopena i nā gamut kala like ʻole. ʻO ka nui o ka huinakolu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka gamut kala. ʻO ke kumu no ka helu ʻana i ka gamut kala:

Gamut=AS​ALCD​​×100%

kahi ʻo ALCD e hōʻike ana i ka ʻāpana o ka huinakolu i hana ʻia e nā waihoʻoluʻu mua o ka hōʻike LCD e ana ʻia, a ʻo AS ka ʻāpana o kahi huinakolu maʻamau o nā kala kumu. No laila, ʻo ka gamut kala ka ratio pākēneka o ka ʻāpana o ka gamut kala o ka hōʻike i ka ʻāpana o ka huila gamut kala maʻamau, me nā ʻokoʻa e ulu mai ana mai nā hoʻonohonoho kala mua i wehewehe ʻia a me ka wahi kala i hoʻohana ʻia. ʻO nā wahi waihoʻoluʻu mua e hoʻohana ʻia nei ʻo ka CIE 1931 xy chromaticity space a me ka CIE 1976 u'v' color space. ʻOkoʻa iki ka gamut kala i helu ʻia ma kēia mau hakahaka ʻelua, akā liʻiliʻi ka ʻokoʻa, no laila ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻomaka a me nā hopena ma ka CIE 1931 xy chromaticity space.

Hōʻike ka Pointer's Gamut i ka laulā o nā kala ʻili maoli i ʻike ʻia e ka maka kanaka. Ua noi ʻia kēia maʻamau ma muli o ka noiʻi ʻana e Michael R. Pointer (1980) a hoʻopili i ka hōʻiliʻili o nā kala i hōʻike ʻia (non-self-luminous) ma ke ʻano. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻikuhi, hana ia i kahi gamut maʻamau. Inā hiki i ka gamut waihoʻoluʻu o kahi hōʻike ke hoʻopuni piha i ka Pointer's Gamut, manaʻo ʻia hiki iā ia ke hana hou i nā kala o ka honua kūlohelohe.

Nā Kūlana Gamut Kala like ʻole

NTSC Kūlana

ʻO ka NTSC color gamut standard kekahi o nā kūlana mua loa a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana hōʻike. Inā ʻaʻole hōʻike ka huahana i ka maʻamau gamut kala e hahai ai, manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka maʻamau NTSC. ʻO ka NTSC ke kū nei no ke Kōmike Kūlana Television National, nāna i hoʻokumu i kēia maʻamau gamut kala i ka makahiki 1953. ʻO kāna mau hoʻonohonoho penei:

ʻOi aku ka laulā o ka gamut kala NTSC ma mua o ka gamut kala sRGB. ʻO ka hoʻololi hoʻololi ma waena o lākou he "100% sRGB = 72% NTSC," ʻo ia hoʻi, ua like nā wahi o 100% sRGB a me 72% NTSC, ʻaʻole ʻo kā lākou huila kala e uhi piha. ʻO ke kumu hoʻololi ma waena o NTSC a me Adobe RGB ʻo "100% Adobe RGB = 95% NTSC." Ma waena o nā ʻekolu, ʻo ka gamut kala NTSC ka mea ākea loa, ukali ʻia e Adobe RGB, a laila sRGB.

sRGB/Rec.709 Color Gamut Standard

ʻO sRGB (ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo maʻamau) kahi protocol ʻōlelo kala i hoʻomohala ʻia e Microsoft a me HP i ka makahiki 1996 e hāʻawi i kahi ala maʻamau no ka wehewehe ʻana i nā kala, e ʻae ai i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka waihoʻoluʻu ma waena o nā hōʻike, nā mea paʻi, a me nā scanners. Kākoʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi i ka maʻamau sRGB, e like me nā pahu kikohoʻe, camcorders, scanners, a me nā mea nānā. Eia hou, kokoke i nā mea paʻi a me nā mea hana projection e kākoʻo i ka maʻamau sRGB. Ua like ka Rec.709 color gamut standard me sRGB a hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he like. ʻO ka maʻamau Rec.2020 hou i loaʻa i kahi gamut kala mua, e kūkākūkā ʻia ma hope. ʻO nā hoʻonohonoho kala mua no ka maʻamau sRGB penei:

ʻO sRGB ke kūlana paʻa no ka hoʻokele kala, no ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana like ʻia mai ke kiʻi a me ka nānā ʻana a hōʻike a paʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o nā palena o ka manawa i wehewehe ʻia ai, ʻano liʻiliʻi ka maʻamau sRGB color gamut, e uhi ana ma kahi o 72% o ka gamut kala NTSC. I kēia mau lā, nui nā TV ma mua o 100% sRGB color gamut.

Adobe RGB Color Gamut Standard

ʻO Adobe RGB kahi maʻamau gamut kala i hoʻomohala ʻia me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana kiʻi. ʻOi aku ka laulā o ka waihoʻoluʻu ma mua o sRGB a ua noi ʻia e Adobe i ka makahiki 1998. Loaʻa iā ia ka gamut kala CMYK, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka sRGB, e hāʻawi ana i nā kala kala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. No ka poʻe loea i ka paʻi, kiʻi, a me ka hoʻolālā e pono ai i nā hoʻoponopono kala pololei, ʻoi aku ka kūpono o nā hōʻike e hoʻohana ana i ka Adobe RGB color gamut. He wahi waihoʻoluʻu ʻo CMYK e pili ana i ka hui ʻana o ka puaʻa, hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka ʻoihana paʻi a kakaʻikahi i ka ʻoihana hōʻike.

ʻO DCI-P3 kala ʻo Gamut Standard

ʻO ka DCI-P3 color gamut standard i wehewehe ʻia e ka Digital Cinema Initiatives (DCI) a hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) ma 2010. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no nā ʻōnaehana televise a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Ua hoʻolālā mua ʻia ka maʻamau DCI-P3 no nā projectors cinema. ʻO nā koina kala mua no ka maʻamau DCI-P3 penei:

Hoʻokaʻawale ka maʻamau DCI-P3 i ka hui like polū polū me sRGB a me Adobe RGB. ʻO kāna huila ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ʻo ia ka laser monochromatic 615nm, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻulaʻula NTSC. ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo mua o DCI-P3 he melemele iki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me Adobe RGB/NTSC, akā ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻike. Ma kahi o 90% o ka maʻamau NTSC ka DCI-P3.

Rec.2020/BT.2020 Color Gamut Standard

ʻO Rec.2020 kahi maʻamau Ultra High Definition Television (UHD-TV) i loaʻa nā kikoʻī gamut kala. Me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana, hoʻomau ka hoʻonā ʻana o ke kīwī a me ka gamut kala, ʻaʻole lawa ka maʻamau Rec.709 kuʻuna. ʻO Rec.2020, i noi ʻia e ka International Telecommunication Union (ITU) ma 2012, loaʻa kahi ʻāpana gamut waihoʻoluʻu kokoke i ʻelua ʻāpana o ka Rec.709. ʻO nā koina kala mua no Rec.2020 penei:

Hoʻopili ka Rec.2020 color gamut maʻamau i nā kūlana sRGB a me Adobe RGB holoʻokoʻa. Ma kahi o 0.02% wale nō o nā gamut kala DCI-P3 a me NTSC 1953 e hāʻule i waho o ka gamut kala Rec.2020, ʻaʻole ia e negligible. Hoʻopili ʻo Rec.2020 i ka 99.9% o Pointer's Gamut, e hana ana i ka maʻamau gamut kala nui loa i waena o nā mea i kūkākūkā ʻia. Me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana a me ka hoʻolaha nui ʻana o nā UHD TV, e ulu mālie ka maʻamau Rec.2020.

Ka hopena

Ua hoʻopuka mua kēia ʻatikala i ka wehewehe a me ke ʻano helu o ka gamut kala, a laila kikoʻī i nā kūlana gamut kala maʻamau i ka ʻoihana hōʻike a hoʻohālikelike iā lākou. Mai ka hiʻohiʻona ʻāpana, ʻo ka pilina nui o kēia mau ʻano gamut kala penei: Rec.2020 > NTSC > Adobe RGB > DCI-P3 > Rec.709/sRGB. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā gamut kala o nā hōʻike like ʻole, he mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka maʻamau like a me ka waihoʻoluʻu e pale aku i ka hoʻohālikelike makapō i nā helu. Manaʻo wau he mea kōkua kēia ʻatikala i nā poʻe loea i ka ʻoihana hōʻike. No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā hōʻike LED ʻoihana, e ʻoluʻoluhoʻopili iā RTLEDhui akamai.