1. Gabatarwa
A kwanan nan nune-nunen, kamfanoni daban daban sun ayyana launi iri daban-daban don nunin su, kamar NTSC, SRGB, DCI-P3, da BT.2020. Wannan rashin daidaituwa ya sa ya kalubalanci bayanan launi na launi a saman kamfanoni daban-daban, kuma wani lokacin da launi na launi 72%, yana haifar da matuƙar rikicewa a tsakanin masu sauraro. Tare da ci gaban fasaha, ƙarin Quanin Quanin TV (QD) TVs da Oled TVs tare da manyan launi gamts suna shiga kasuwa. Zasu iya nuna kyawawan launuka. Saboda haka, Ina so in samar da cikakkiyar taƙaitaccen ka'idodi na launi a cikin masana'antar nuna, suna fatan taimakon kwararrun masana'antu.
2. Ra'ayi da lissafin launi gamut
Da farko, bari mu gabatar da manufar gamut. A cikin masana'antar nuna, launi na launi yana nufin kewayon launuka da na'urar za ta iya nunawa. Babban launi na launi, da yadudduka kewayon launuka na iya nunawa, kuma mafi daidaituwa yana nuna launuka musamman launuka (launuka masu tsabta). Gabaɗaya, launi na NTSC launi don hankalina TVs kusan 68% zuwa 72%. TV tare da NTSC launi gamut mafi girma sama da 92% ana ɗauka da babban launi na launi, yawanci ana samun su ta hanyar fasahar Quantum.
Ga idanun mutane, tsinkaye launi yana da matukar mahimmanci, kuma ba shi yiwuwa a iya sarrafa launuka masu sarrafawa ta hanyar ido kaɗai. A cikin ci gaba samfurin, ƙira, da masana'antu, dole ne a karkatar da launi don samun daidaito da daidaito a cikin haihuwar launi. A cikin duniyar gaske, launuka na spectrum bayyane ya zama mafi girman sararin launi, wanda yake ɗauke da duk launuka masu bayyane ga idanun mutane. Don gani yana wakiltar manufar launi na launi, hukumar kasa da kasa kan haske (Cie) ta kafa CIE-XY Chromaticity zane. Abubuwan da ke cikin Chromatict sune ma'aunin CIE don Daidai launi, ma'ana kowane launi za a iya wakilta azaman ma'ana (x, y) akan zane na chromatichity.
Shafin da ke ƙasa yana nuna mafi zane-zane na CIE Chromaticity, inda duk launuka a cikin yanayin suna ƙunshe a cikin dawakai. Yankin Trangular a cikin zane yana wakiltar launi na launi. Vertices na alwatika sune firayis na farko (RGB) na na'urar nuni, da launuka da za a iya kafa su da waɗannan launuka uku na farko ana ƙunsa a cikin alwatika. A bayyane yake, saboda bambance-bambance a cikin daidaitawa iri iri na manyan na'urori na na'urori daban-daban, matsayin alwatika ya bambanta, sakamakon yanayin launuka daban-daban. Mafi girma alwatika, mafi girma launi gamut. Tsarin tsari don yin lissafin launi na launi shine:
Gamut = kamar yadda Alcd × 100%
Inda AlCD tana wakiltar yankin na alwatika wanda aka kafa ta hanyar firam ɗin farko na nunawar LCD, kuma kamar yadda wakiltar yankin daidaitaccen alwatika. Don haka, launi gamut shine kashi dari na yankin na launi na nuni zuwa ga yankin daidaitaccen launi na launi da kuma sararin samaniya da aka yi amfani da shi. A halin yanzu sararin launi wurare a halin yanzu suna amfani da shi ne Cie 1931 XY Chromaticty sarari da kuma CIE 1976 U'V na launi. Launi an lasafta shi a cikin waɗannan sarari biyu sun bambanta kaɗan, amma bambanci ƙarami ne, don haka gabatarwar da suka biyo baya sun dogara ne akan Cie 1931 XY Chromatiction sarari.
Gamut ta wasan kwaikwayo tana wakiltar kewayon launuka na ainihi bayyane ga idanun mutane. An gabatar da wannan siginan dangane da bincike ta Michael R. Pointer (1980) kuma yana lalata tarin launuka na yau da kullun (ba da son kai ba) a yanayi. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin zane, yana inganta gamut gamut. Idan bayyanar launi na nuni zai iya daidaitawa ta wasan kwaikwayo na nuna alama, ana ganin shi da ikon yin daidai da launuka na duniya.
Dandalin launi gamut
Kungiyar NTSC
Misalin wasan kwaikwayo na NTSC launi shine ɗayan manyan ka'idodi da mafi yawan ayyukan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin masana'antar nuni. Idan samfurin ba ya bayyana wane misali mai launi launi ya biyo baya, gabaɗaya an ɗauka don amfani da ma'aunin NTSC. NTSC tsaye ga Kwamitin Tsararren talabijin na kasa, wanda ya kafa wannan ma'aunin launi mai launi a cikin 1953. Gudanawa sune kamar haka:
Kwararrun launi na NTSC ya fi girma fiye da na'urar SRGB. Tsarin Tattaunawa a tsakaninsu shine "100% SRGB = 72% NTSC," wanda ke nufin cewa bangarorin 100% na NTSC suke daidai, ba cewa launin hular su ba. Tsarin Tattaunawa tsakanin NTSC da Adobe Rgb shine "100% Adobe Rgb = 95% NTSC." Daga cikin ukun, NTSC launi gamut shine mafi m, bi da Adobe RGB, sannan SRGB.
SRGB / Rec.709
SRGB (Standard Green Red Green) yarjejeniya ce ta harshe da Microsoft da HP a cikin 1996 don samar da daidaitaccen hanyar da ke nuna launuka, firinta, da kuma scanners. Yawancin na'urorin musayar hoto na dijital suna tallafawa tsarin SRGB, kamar kyamarar dijital, masu zabe, masu duba, da saka idanu. Ari, kusan duk yawan ɗab'in bugawa da na'urorin da ke tallafawa tsarin SRGB. Matsakaicin launi na Lissafi na launi daidai ne ga SRGB kuma ana iya ɗaukar daidai. Sanarwar da aka sabunta ta hanyar Asali mai launin yana da mafi girman launi na farko, wanda za'a tattauna daga baya. Tsarin launi na farko don daidaitaccen SRGB sune kamar haka:
SRGB shine cikakken matsayina na sarrafa launi, saboda haka za'a iya karbe shi daga daukar hoto da bincike don nunawa da bugawa. Koyaya, saboda iyakokin lokacin da aka bayyana shi, ma'aunin SRGB ya yi ƙarami, yana rufe kusan 72% na NTSC launi. A zamanin yau, yawancin TV guda da yawa suna wuce kashi 100% SRGB launi gamut.
Adobe RGB Launi Gamut Standard
Adobe RGB ne ƙwararren launi na ƙwararraki mai ƙara tare da ci gaban fasaha na daukar hoto. Yana da sararin samaniya mai launi fiye da SRGB kuma an gabatar da shi ta hanyar Adobe a cikin 1998. Ya hada da Gasar CMKB, wanda ba a kasance a SRGB, ba da Richer launuka. Ga kwararru a cikin bugawa, daukar hoto, da zane wanda ke buƙatar daidaitattun daidaitattun launuka masu launi, suna amfani da Adobe Rgb launi gamut sun fi dacewa. CMYK wani yanki ne mai launi dangane da hadawa da launi, ana amfani dashi a cikin masana'antar buga takardu da wuya a cikin masana'antar nuni.
Dci-p3 launi gamut
Tsarin launi na DCI-P3 ya ayyana matakan zane-zane na dijital (DCI) kuma ya sake shi ta hanyar al'adun masu motsi da kuma injiniyan talabijin da kuma Cinemas An samo asali na DCI-P3 asali da aka tsara don masu aikin Cinema. Gudanar da launi na farko don daidaitaccen DCI-P3 sune kamar haka:
Tsarin S3 na DCI-P3 yana hannun daidai da na ainihi mai tsari tare da SRGB da Adobe Rgb. Hellanshinsa na ja shine na 615nm monochromatic Laser, wanda ya fi gaban firayim na NTSC. Kogin kore na DCI-P3 ya ɗan ɗanɗano launin shuɗi idan aka kwatanta da Adobe Rgb / NTSC, amma mafi bayyane. With na Cindaran launi na DCI-P3 ya kusan 90% na tsarin NTSC.
Rec.020202 / bt.020 launi launi launi
Rec.202020 shine babban talabijin mai yawa (Uhd-TV) misali wanda ya hada da ƙayyadaddun launi. Tare da ci gaban fasaha, ƙuduri da ƙuduri da na launi suna ci gaba da haɓaka, yin daidaitaccen na gargajiya na gargajiya. Rec.20202020, wanda aka gabatar da kungiyar sadarwa ta yanar gizo ta kasa (ITU) a cikin 2012, yana da yankin gamut mai launi kusan sau biyu na karatun sau biyu na karatun .709. Gudanar da launi na farko don Rec.2020 sune kamar haka:
Standardal ɗin gamut ta Lissafi na Lissafi da Adobe RGB ka'idodi. Kawai kusan 0.02% na DCI-P3 da NTSC 1953 Launin launi sun faɗi a waje da Rec.020 launi ne sakaci. Rec.02020 COGABA 99.9% na wasan gammo, wanda ya sa keɓaɓɓiyar daidaitaccen launi tsakanin waɗanda aka tattauna. Tare da ci gaban fasaha da yaduwar daukar tvs na Uhd TV, da Rec.020 Standard zai zama mafi yawan nasara.
Ƙarshe
Wannan labarin da farko ya gabatar da ma'anar da lissafi na launi gamut na launi, daga nan sai ma'auntin launi na launi na launi a cikin masana'antar nuna kuma idan aka kwatanta su. Daga yanayin da ake ciki, girman dangantakar waɗannan ka'idojin launi na launi sune kamar haka: Rec.02020> NTSC> NTSC> RGOBE RGB> DCI-P3> RG.709 / SRGB. Lokacin kwatanta launi na launi na nuni daban-daban, yana da mahimmanci don amfani da sarari iri ɗaya da launi mai launi don gujewa yawan lambobi. Ina fatan wannan labarin yana da taimako ga ƙwararru a cikin masana'antar nuna. Don ƙarin bayani kan nuni na LED Nunin LED, don AllahTuntuɓikwararrun kungiyar.
Lokaci: Jul-15-2024